Dr. Lee Ann Brady

Dr. Lee Ann Brady

Dr. Lee Ann Brady lives in Phoenix, Arizona with her husband Kelly and three children Sarah, Jenna and Kyle. She owns Desert Sun Smiles Dental Care, a private restorative practice in Glendale, Arizona. Outside of her private practice, Dr. Brady is the Director of Education for The Pankey Institute, recognized for hands-on education programs focused on occlusion and restorative dentistry. She is the founder and lead curator of Restorative Nation, a supportive learning community for dentists.

centric relation

Do Patients Parafunction In Centric Relation?

December 1, 2023 |

By: Lee Ann Brady DMD Seated Condylar Position I know even the mention of the words centric…

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My Favorite Occlusal Deprogrammers

My Favorite Occlusal Deprogrammers

November 24, 2023 |

By: Lee Ann Brady DMD Deprogramming of the lateral pterygoid muscle is generally done by placing something in…

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when your occlusal clearance disappears

When Your Occlusal Clearance Disappears

November 17, 2023 |

By: Lee Ann Brady DMD It can be an incredibly frustrating clinical situation when you have been…

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By: Lee Ann Brady DMD I ask the question “Is wear normal?” at almost every lecture I do on occlusion. Usually the response is a small number of mumbled replies. A good follow up question is “How many eighty-five-year-old patients have you seen with mamelons?” I hope you are thinking not many, if any at all. So, yes, tooth wear of some amount is normal. A combination of attrition, erosion and abrasion cause all of us to lose enamel over a lifetime. Is the wear advancing at a pathological rate? The more important question is when is the wear age-appropriate and when is it advancing at a pathologic rate? We don’t have the data to know how many millimeters of enamel loss is appropriate at every decade of life. In order to help with this answer in my office, I play a mental game. With the picture of the patient’s current wear in mind and a knowledge of their age, I imagine if the wear continues at the same rate at what age their teeth will be in jeopardy or need restorative dentistry to be saved. I then reveal this estimate to the patient. You can document wear over time in three ways. I believe it is important that I help my patients understand the process and the options for protecting their teeth. To quantify the amount of wear that is happening, we take a measurement from the CEJ to the incisal edge of several teeth with wear. We take the measurement on the mid-facial and record it on the patient’s perio chart. At subsequent appointments we can now repeat these measurements and have clear data that the process is continuing. Another great way to document tooth wear is with photography. With repeat photographs, we and the patient can see the change over time. Today with digital impressions and software we can scan the arch, and then compare scans months or years later and get a precise measurement of the change. What is causing the wear? I believe that some wear is normal. I base this on the fact that I have very few if any patients who are in their seventies or eighties and still have mamelons on their incisors. Wear is a concern when the amount of tooth structure being lost is out pacing the patient’s age. I wrote about determining when wear leaves the physiologic category and becomes something we need to discuss with patients. Both attrition and erosion can cause severe tooth wear, but they pose different long-term risks. Once we have a sense of the cause of tooth wear, we can partner with the patient to treat the damage and manage the progression. These are the guidelines for discerning attrition from erosion. Attrition is the loss of tooth structure caused when the patient rubs two tooth surfaces together. You will observe: • Matching facets on upper and lower teeth • Facets on tooth surfaces that occlude • Enamel and dentin worn evenly Erosion is caused by the presence of acid from issues like GERD and eating disorders. You will observe: • Facets that may or may not match on upper and lower teeth • Facets on tooth surfaces that are not in occlusion • Dentin cupped out and wearing faster than enamel • Tooth structure wearing around restorations that remain unchanged Note that attrition can be seen in addition to erosion, often giving us a false sense of how much the patient truly parafunctions, as the etched tooth structure wears away more easily. Occlusal Therapy Why Occlusal Appliance Therapy Is My First Step Prior to Ortho, Equilibration, or Restorative Occlusal changes on an appliance are easy and reversible. An appliance can immediately reduce elevator muscle activity and give the patient relief. The patient also experiences what changes to their tooth contacts could provide for them long term. We can test the changes that would be made by ortho, equilibration, and/or restorative. Our goals are to stabilize the joint anatomy and reduce the activity of the elevator muscles because those muscles are what overload the joints and teeth. We also want to slow down the rate of damage to the dentition and move that rate back to a more age-appropriate pace. We also may need to reorganize a patient’s occlusion to manage occlusal forces to ensure restorations that last. Removing Posterior Contacts Does Not Work for Every Patient Over my years of clinical practice, I have found that changing the occlusion does reduce functional risk for most patients. But we all have patients with perfect occlusion who present with TMD symptoms. We have some patients who continue to parafunction after we move them into immediate posterior disclusion. Studies show that proprioception causes the elevator muscles to engage in only 80 to 85% of the population. This means that when the brain receives the signal that teeth are touching, the brain elevates the masseter muscles in 80 to 85% of people. Tooth contact is the trigger. Because this proprioception does not occur for 15 to 20% of the population, it is not the universal trigger for excessive loading. Over my years in clinical practice, I have learned there is nothing I can do that is 100% dependable to stop a patient from para-functioning. Some of my patients continue to excessively load after posterior contacts are removed. Their functional risk does not diminish. If we cannot reduce elevator force and redistribute force enough on an occlusal appliance to eliminate or at least relieve TMD symptoms, then occlusal therapy via ortho, equilibration, or restorative will not satisfactorily help the patient. We will need to turn to other forms of therapy. Other modalities I use are BOTOX to deactivate muscles, massage therapy, and physical therapy. There are also systemic medications, cold lasers, and TENS therapy we can use to reduce the activity of the muscles or reduce inflammation in the muscles and joints. Sometimes one modality will alleviate symptoms for a while and when symptoms return, we can try it again or try another modality. An Exercise to Identify the Patients Who May Not Benefit from Occlusal Therapy You can do what I call a poor man’s EMG on yourself by placing your hands on your masseter muscles. Put your back teeth together, clench and release, clench and release, clench and release to see how much masseter activity you have. Then move your teeth into protrusive edge to edge and try to clench a little bit, making sure your back teeth do not touch. If you now have a posterior tooth touching in the edge-to-edge position, then put a pencil or pen between your front teeth to separate your back teeth. With no back teeth touching and contact on the centrals, try to clench and release two or three times while feeling your masseters. Most of you will find your masseters do not move or move a lot less when no back teeth are touching. Some of you, even with your back teeth separated, can still clench in protrusive and can still increase the muscle activity almost the same amount as when your back teeth touch. I do this exercise with my patients, but when they move into protrusive, I put a bite stop over their front teeth or have them bite on a Lucia jig we have lined for their bite registration. If you do this test with your patients, you can use an EMG or feel the muscle activity with your hands. If the patient can still generate almost the same force or the same force with their back teeth separated, you have identified one of the around 15% of people who might not benefit significantly from occlusal therapy. You’ve also identified someone who might not do well on an anterior-only appliance because, if they can generate that same force on just two teeth, they are at risk for those teeth becoming sore and moving. Interested in Learning More? Join me at The Pankey Institute with The Essentials Series. Starting with Essentials 1, this series offers a comprehensive and structured approach to dental education. Participants will gain essential knowledge and skills, enabling them to build a solid understanding of fundamental concepts in dentistry. From fundamental principles to essential clinical techniques, this series lays the groundwork for a successful dental practice and provides a strong platform for further specialization.

Occlusal Wear: Is It Advancing? How Fast?

October 17, 2023 |

By: Lee Ann Brady DMD I ask the question “Is wear normal?” at almost every lecture I…

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Big smile

Why This Study Should Be a Wake-up Call to Dentistry

By David Rice | October 27, 2020

The lady in this picture is different than you, right? She’s different than every other person in the world as well. So why are we treating our patients like they’re all the same person? Dr. David Rice dives into some thoughts.

Field Mountain

New Zealand residents pulling their own teeth after dental waiting list grows

By Kevin Henry | October 27, 2020

Residents of one part of New Zealand have resorted to pulling their own teeth rather than waiting for weeks to see a dentist.

LoveLand

What’s Keeping You From Being Good Rather Than Great?

By Kevin Henry | September 21, 2020

One degree can make the difference betweenwater boiling and just being really hot. I know a lot of really good dental assistants out there. I mean, they are excellent at what they do clinically and their people skills are superb. Yet, they know and I know that they have weaknesses in their careers. Heck, we…

grow your dental practice

4 Principles to Grow Your Dental Practice

By David Rice | September 15, 2020

By: Dr. David Rice “Mask Mouth”. What does that mean for your dental practice? Let’s be honest. Our patients hear things in the news and then wonder about them before they come into our practices. A perfect example of this is “mask mouth.” Go ahead. You can click here to read about it. I’ll be waiting for…

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Wildfires and another link between the mouth and lungs

By David Rice | September 15, 2020

The devastating wildfires in the United States are all over the news and likely on the minds of your patients One of the best ways to introduce a conversation is to find a point of shared knowledge. That can include events in the news, such as the wildfires that have devastated so many in the…

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Here’s the Key to Explaining the Oral-Systemic Link

By Kevin Henry | September 15, 2020

Do you know the difference betweenmajor surgery and minor surgery? That’s the start of a joke that a friend of mine once shared with me. Do you know the answer? Well, my friend said, it’s major surgery if it is happening to you. It’s minor surgery if it’s happening to someone else. Isn’t that true…

ask for help

The Importance of Sticking Together and Reaching Out for Help

By David Rice | September 9, 2020

By: Dr. David Rice Let’s talk about something that is taught to not talk about: Mental Health. Ask for Help Friends, there is nothing wrong with asking for help. NOTHING. In dentistry, so often, there are tough times and tough days. If we internalize it and don’t talk about it, unfortunate and unnecessary things can…

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31 tips to improve your mental health

By David Rice | September 9, 2020

Let’s think about some things that you can do every day to improve your mental health With that in mind, we came across these 31 tips from Mental Health America that can help everyone be at their best mentally. So often we think about what we can do to improve ourselves physically. But, during these…

together we can conquer cavities

Crest + Oral-B + Kids: Together We Can Conquer Cavities

By David Rice | July 9, 2020

By: Dr. David Rice Jim Rohn once said. “You are the average of the five people you spend the most time with.” Do you believe that? I do. Come to think of it, my mom and dad did too. I’m guessing it’s why they encouraged me to hang around the good kids and steer clear of…

dims

Oral-B iO Review: Electric Rechargeable Toothbrush (Unboxing to Recommending)

By David Rice | July 9, 2020

By: Dr. David Rice Before today, it was only possible for your patients to get a straight-from-the-dentist clean feel two times a year, but now with the biggest innovation from Oral-B, they can get a professional clean feel at home, every day! Oral-B iO Rechargeable Electric Toothbrush The Oral-B iO introduces a new era in…